How this calculator works
A square grid assigns one square cell to each tree. An equilateral triangular arrangement offsets alternate rows by half a gap and uses a perpendicular row distance of sqrt(3)/2 times the gap. Dividing area by cell area gives a bulk stocking estimate, rounded down for capacity. This does not count exact boundary positions. Species, rootstock, thinning plans and machinery determine a suitable gap; no single species spacing is prescribed here.
Formula
Square cell = s²; triangular cell = sqrt(3)s²/2. Trees = area/cell. Required gap = sqrt[area/(trees x cell factor)].
Worked example
At 2 m square spacing, 100 m² supports a theoretical 25 trees. To place 50 trees in 200 m², the same calculation gives a 2 m gap. Boundary clearances can reduce the practical count.
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Frequently asked questions
Does this count edge trees exactly?
No. The area method assumes repeated planting cells. Lay out actual rows after subtracting setbacks and access lanes.
How much does triangular spacing change density?
At the same nearest-neighbour distance it fits about 15.47% more cells per unit area than a square layout.
Which spacing suits my species?
Use a local forestry or orchard recommendation matched to the mature size, rootstock and intended management.