How this calculator works
A magnetic force shifts moving carriers sideways until an electric field balances that force. The resulting transverse Hall voltage gives a coefficient that includes the sign of the dominant carriers under a defined wiring convention. In the ideal single-carrier model RH = 1/(nq). Real multicarrier materials, contact offsets and magnetoresistance can change that interpretation; this tool converts the measured quantities without fitting a transport model.
Formula
RH = VH t/(I B); VH = RH I B/t. For a single carrier species, RH = 1/(nq).
Worked example
Hall voltage 2 V, thickness 3 m, current 4 A and field 5 T give RH = 0.3 m³/C. With RH = -0.5 m³/C, I = 3 A, B = 4 T and t = 2 m, Hall voltage is -3 V.
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Frequently asked questions
Which sample dimension is thickness?
Use the dimension parallel to the magnetic field, perpendicular to the current-voltage plane.
Does a negative coefficient prove electrons dominate?
It does in the ideal single-carrier convention. Wiring polarity and multicarrier transport must also be checked.
Why reverse the field during measurement?
Taking the odd-in-field voltage helps remove contact offsets that do not reverse with the Hall signal.