How this calculator works
Net force is the vector sum of all external forces on the chosen body. Newton's second law relates that net force to its acceleration when mass is constant and speeds are nonrelativistic. Apply this one-dimensional calculation separately to each axis for vector problems. A newton is the force required to accelerate one kilogram at one metre per second squared.
Formula
Fnet = ma; a = Fnet/m; m = Fnet/a.
Worked example
A 5 kg object accelerating at 3 m/s² has a net force of 15 N. A 12 N force producing 4 m/s² corresponds to 3 kg.
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Frequently asked questions
Should I enter one applied force or the net force?
Use net force. Subtract opposing forces and include every external contribution along the axis.
Can the result be negative?
Yes. Negative force or acceleration points opposite the chosen positive axis.
Can zero force determine mass?
No. Zero force and zero acceleration are consistent with any positive mass.