How this calculator works
For a mass attached to a linear spring with viscous damping, critical damping separates oscillatory and non-oscillatory free motion. The plot starts at unit displacement with zero initial velocity. It shows the exact critical response, not the simple exponential envelope of an underdamped oscillator. Angular frequency uses radians per second; ordinary frequency divides it by 2 pi.
Formula
cc = 2 sqrt(km); omega0 = sqrt(k/m) = cc/(2m); f0 = omega0/(2 pi). For x(0)=1 and x'(0)=0, x(t) = (1+omega0 t) exp(-omega0 t).
Worked example
A 1 kg mass on a 100 N/m spring has omega0 = 10 rad/s and cc = 20 N s/m. With the same spring and a critical coefficient of 40 N s/m, the mass is 4 kg.
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Frequently asked questions
Does critical damping mean no motion?
No. The system returns towards equilibrium without oscillating for the stated release conditions.
Is angular frequency measured in hertz?
Angular frequency is in rad/s. The cycle frequency in hertz is omega divided by 2 pi.
Can I use this with dry friction?
This model assumes a force proportional to velocity. Coulomb friction and nonlinear dampers need other models.