How this calculator works
Here standard form means scientific notation, with one nonzero digit before the decimal point. Move the point and compensate with a power of ten. The reverse mode expands a coefficient and exponent, normalizing the coefficient if necessary. Expanded form separates nonzero decimal places and offers numeric, factor and exponential styles. Up to 256 significant digit positions and input exponents from -1000 to 1000 are supported without numeric rounding. Insignificant trailing zeros are removed; this is a value converter rather than a significant-figures tracker.
Formula
x = a x 10^n, where n is an integer and 1 <= |a| < 10 for nonzero x. Expanded form sums each decimal digit times its corresponding power of ten.
Worked example
0.000256 becomes 2.56 x 10^-4, and expands as 0.0002 + 0.00005 + 0.000006. Conversely, -3.50 x 10^4 becomes -35000 and normalizes to -3.5 x 10^4.
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Frequently asked questions
Is standard form the same in every subject?
No. A line or quadratic equation can also have a standard form. This calculator uses the number-writing meaning, also called scientific notation.
What happens to zero?
Zero has no unique normalized scientific coefficient. This page uses the explicit convention 0 x 10^0.
Can I enter e notation?
Yes. For example, 2.56e-4 is accepted. Do not enter grouping commas, multiplication symbols or the letters pi.