How this calculator works
Pascal law transfers an applied pressure increment through a confined fluid. If the pistons are at the same elevation and face the same external pressure, their force-to-area ratios agree. A larger output area multiplies force but reduces stroke, preserving ideal work. The model neglects friction, leakage, compliance, fluid compression and piston weight. Pressure is gauge pressure relative to the pressure acting on the opposite piston faces.
Formula
p = F1/A1 = F2/A2. A1 s1 = A2 s2. Ideal work W = F1 s1 = F2 s2 for constant forces.
Worked example
A 100 N input on 0.001 m2 gives 100000 Pa. Acting on 0.01 m2 it produces 1000 N. A 0.2 m input stroke gives a 0.02 m output stroke and transfers 20 J.
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Frequently asked questions
Does a hydraulic press create energy?
No. The force increase is offset by a shorter output stroke, with further losses in a real machine.
Which piston area is used?
Use the fluid-loaded area. On a rod side, subtract the rod cross-sectional area from the piston area.
Can the pistons be at different heights?
An elevation difference adds a hydrostatic pressure difference. This ideal same-pressure model omits it.