How this calculator works
AND masks unwanted bits. A mask bit of 1 preserves the matching input bit, while a mask bit of 0 clears it. Inputs must fit the selected width. Short binary patterns receive leading zeros. Decimal negatives use two's complement and must be at least -2^(n-1). The signed output interprets the top bit as a negative place value; the unsigned output reads the same pattern as nonnegative.
Formula
At each position, a AND b = ab. The result bit is 1 only for the pair (1, 1).
Worked example
In four bits, 1100 AND 1010 = 1000. The decimal values are 12 AND 10 = 8.
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Frequently asked questions
How is AND different from ordinary arithmetic?
It acts separately on each bit position without carrying between columns. The table shows the input pair and output bit for every position.
What happens at the limits?
AND with zero clears the whole pattern; AND with all ones leaves it unchanged.
Can I use more than 32 bits?
Yes. Choose a preset through 64 bits or a custom width from 1 to 256. Text entry preserves every digit, including leading zeros.
Why can signed and unsigned results differ?
They interpret one stored pattern differently. If its highest bit is 1, two's complement subtracts 2^n from the unsigned value.