How this calculator works
Dilution preserves the amount of solute while adding solvent. Choose any one unknown and provide the other three quantities. Both concentrations must describe the same species and basis. The solvent subtraction assumes additive volumes; for accurate preparation, transfer the stock aliquot and make up to the final marked volume. Evaporation, reaction and mixing two nonzero stocks are separate problems.
Formula
C1 V1 = C2 V2. Dilution factor = C1/C2 = V2/V1. Added solvent = V2 - V1.
Worked example
Diluting 10 mL of 1 mol/L stock to 0.1 mol/L gives 100 mL final volume. For 1 L at 0.5 mol/L from 2 mol/L stock, use 250 mL stock and make up to 1 L.
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Frequently asked questions
Is final volume the water added?
No. Final volume includes the stock aliquot.
Can I increase concentration?
This page models adding solvent. Concentrating by evaporation needs a different process.
Does unit switching affect the result?
Inputs are converted to a common base, so compatible unit choices give the same amount balance.